{"id":5221,"date":"2019-09-23T12:07:27","date_gmt":"2019-09-23T12:07:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/well-grounded.org\/intelligence-collective-ou-betise-collective\/"},"modified":"2022-06-29T14:09:41","modified_gmt":"2022-06-29T14:09:41","slug":"intelligence-collective-ou-betise-collective","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/well-grounded.org\/fr\/intelligence-collective-ou-betise-collective\/","title":{"rendered":"Intelligence collective ou b\u00eatise collective ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1331.2px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><p>On parle souvent d&rsquo;intelligence collective, ou de la mani\u00e8re dont on peut tirer parti des connaissances de chacun pour trouver des solutions que l&rsquo;on serait incapable de trouver individuellement.<\/p>\n<p>On parle aussi des dangers d&rsquo;une foule.\u00a0Nous voyons des personnes dans un groupe se comporter d&rsquo;une mani\u00e8re qui contredit leur comportement habituel, en opposition \u00e0 leurs valeurs.<\/p>\n<p><em>Comment se fait-il que le groupe r\u00e9v\u00e8le parfois le meilleur de nous-m\u00eames et dans certains cas nos pires instincts ?<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Commen\u00e7ons par cette histoire am\u00e9rindienne.\u00a0Un vieil homme dit \u00e0 son petit-fils que nous avons chacun deux loups qui se battent en nous.\u00a0Le premier loup est bon et ne fait pas de mal.\u00a0Il vit en harmonie avec tous ceux qui l&rsquo;entourent.\u00a0Mais le deuxi\u00e8me loup est plein de haine.\u00a0Il combat tout le monde, tout le temps, sans raison.<\/p>\n<p>Le petit-fils fixe longuement son grand-p\u00e8re avant de demander : \u00ab Lequel va gagner, grand-p\u00e8re ?\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>Le vieil homme sourit et r\u00e9pond simplement : \u00ab Celui que je nourris \u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Alors comment faire gagner le loup enthousiaste, \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9coute, patient, humble et engag\u00e9 en situation de groupe ?\u00a0La r\u00e9ponse est simple : c&rsquo;est le cadre qui fa\u00e7onne le groupe.\u00a0Si le cadre est bien d\u00e9fini, avec des r\u00e8gles qui prot\u00e8gent les personnes, on peut esp\u00e9rer faire ressortir le meilleur du groupe.\u00a0En revanche, si le cadre favorise l&rsquo;\u00e9gocentrisme, le pire peut arriver.<\/p>\n<p>Examinons quelques exemples de cadres limitants.\u00a0Dans une foule, \u00e0 cause de son anonymat, les individus perdent leur sentiment d\u2019identit\u00e9 et leur responsabilit\u00e9 personnelle.\u00a0Si une personne commet un acte insociable, d&rsquo;autres personnes se sentiront autoris\u00e9es, voire encourag\u00e9es, \u00e0 lui embo\u00eeter le pas et le mouvement de foule peut conduire \u00e0 des comportements collectifs parfois compl\u00e8tement irrationnels.<\/p>\n<p>Autre cadre, qui nous est peut-\u00eatre plus familier : une r\u00e9union.\u00a0Si le cadre privil\u00e9gie l&rsquo;expression de celui qui parle le plus fort et stigmatise les fautes, on n&rsquo;entendra qu&rsquo;une seule voix.\u00a0Beaucoup de gens qui auraient des choses \u00e0 dire resteront silencieux par peur de dire quelque chose de mal et de se faire pointer du doigt.<\/p>\n<p>Le r\u00f4le d&rsquo;un facilitateur, d&rsquo;un formateur ou d&rsquo;un gestionnaire est de s&rsquo;assurer que le cadre est bien d\u00e9fini, qu&rsquo;il est protecteur et incitatif et qu&rsquo;il sera respect\u00e9.\u00a0Prenons quelques exemples : lors d&rsquo;un brainstorming, une des r\u00e8gles les plus importantes dans la phase de production d&rsquo;id\u00e9es est que \u00ab on accepte toutes les id\u00e9es, on ne juge pas \u00bb.\u00a0M\u00eame si ces id\u00e9es ne sont pas utilis\u00e9es \u00e0 la fin, elles ont peut-\u00eatre permis de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer de nouvelles id\u00e9es, ou ouvert de nouvelles voies.<\/p>\n<p>Autre exemple : dans l&rsquo;holocratie (mode de gouvernance partag\u00e9e), chacun peut proposer des id\u00e9es.\u00a0On discute, on \u00e9change, et \u00e0 la fin, une personne est choisie, au nom du groupe, pour formuler une proposition.\u00a0A ce moment, la personne ne d\u00e9fend pas sa propre id\u00e9e, mais imagine l&rsquo;id\u00e9e qui correspond le mieux aux \u00e9changes qui ont eu lieu.\u00a0Il n&rsquo;y a pas de place pour l&rsquo;ego, on vote pour une id\u00e9e et non pour une personne.<\/p>\n<p>Les cadres dont je viens de parler sont le fruit d&rsquo;ann\u00e9es d&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience et ont \u00e9t\u00e9 clairement d\u00e9finis.\u00a0Le fait qu&rsquo;un cadre soit explicite permet d&rsquo;assurer plus facilement sa mise en \u0153uvre.\u00a0Au contraire, les cadres d\u00e9favorables sont souvent informels, fond\u00e9s sur l&rsquo;ignorance ou les jeux de pouvoir.<\/p>\n<p>La prochaine fois que vous serez dans un groupe, si rien d&rsquo;int\u00e9ressant ne ressort de vos \u00e9changes, au lieu de dire que les personnes du groupe ne sont pas performantes, demandez-vous quel type de cadre (formel ou informel) est en place et s&rsquo;il est adapt\u00e9 \u00e0 la situation.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"kc-row-container kc-container\">\n<div class=\"kc-wrap-columns\">\n<div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-2848797 kc_col-sm-12 kc_column kc_col-sm-12\">\n<div class=\"kc-col-container\">\n<div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-1540109 kc_text_block\">\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- \/wp:post-content 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