{"id":5181,"date":"2017-10-31T19:30:20","date_gmt":"2017-10-31T19:30:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/well-grounded.org\/les-droits-des-peuples-autochtones-au-cameroun-defis-et-enjeux\/"},"modified":"2022-06-30T10:43:55","modified_gmt":"2022-06-30T10:43:55","slug":"les-droits-des-peuples-autochtones-au-cameroun-defis-et-enjeux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/well-grounded.org\/fr\/les-droits-des-peuples-autochtones-au-cameroun-defis-et-enjeux\/","title":{"rendered":"Les Droits des Peuples Autochtones au Cameroun : D\u00e9fis et enjeux"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cet article est le premier d\u2019une s\u00e9rie de deux, consacr\u00e9s \u00e0 la situation des peuples autochtones au Cameroun et \u00e9crits par une membre d\u2019Okani, l\u2019une de nos organisations clientes.<\/em>
\nAu Cameroun, lorsqu\u2019on parle des peuples autochtones des for\u00eats (PAF-CAM), on fait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 quatre groupes de populations distincts :<\/p>\n

    \n
  • les Baka vivent surtout dans les r\u00e9gions de l\u2019Est et du Sud Cameroun,<\/li>\n
  • les Bakola et les Bagy\u00e9li vivent sur une superficie d\u2019environ 12 000 km carr\u00e9s dans le Sud du\u00a0pays, notamment dans les arrondissements d\u2019Akom II, de Bipindi, de Kribi et de Lolodorf,<\/li>\n
  • enfin, les Bedzang vivent dans la r\u00e9gion du Centre, au Nord-Ouest du Mbam dans la r\u00e9gion de Ngamb\u00e8 Tikar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Tous ces groupes ont en commun leur attachement \u00e0 leurs territoires ancestraux, la for\u00eat qu\u2019ils connaissent par c\u0153ur, qu\u2019ils consid\u00e8rent comme un bien commun et qui repr\u00e9sente pour eux la base de leur existence. Les d\u00e9fis que rencontrent les Peuples autochtones des for\u00eats du Cameroun sont nombreux et divers. Nous allons nous attarder sur les d\u00e9fis clefs susceptibles de mettre \u00e0 mal leur identit\u00e9 culturelle et leur sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9:<\/p>\n

    1. L\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la terre<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

    La terre pour les populations autochtones (PA) fait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 la for\u00eat et \u00e0 tout ce qu\u2019elle repr\u00e9sente pour la survie de leur identit\u00e9 culturelle, la valorisation de leurs savoirs et la transmission interg\u00e9n\u00e9rationnelle des connaissances traditionnelles li\u00e9es \u00e0 la for\u00eat et aux ressources qu\u2019elle contient. L\u2019article 26 de la D\u00e9claration des Nations Unies sur les droits des peuples autochtones stipule que \u00ab les peuples autochtones ont le droit aux terres, territoires et ressources qu\u2019ils poss\u00e8dent traditionnellement, ont le droit de les utiliser et de les mettre en valeur, et que les \u00c9tats accordent reconnaissance juridique \u00e0 ces terres \u00bb.
    \nLa situation pr\u00e9caire des peuples autochtones a \u00e9t\u00e9\u00a0aggrav\u00e9e par la disparition progressive de la biodiversit\u00e9 foresti\u00e8re du fait de l\u2019av\u00e8nement des plantations industrielles, d\u2019activit\u00e9s de coupe de bois, d\u2019autres activit\u00e9s extractives et le changement climatique. Les parcs nationaux et les aires prot\u00e9g\u00e9es, \u00e9galement cr\u00e9\u00e9s \u00e0 la suite de la disparition progressive de la biodiversit\u00e9, ont \u00e9galement engendr\u00e9 la d\u00e9possession de leurs terres : les zones prot\u00e9g\u00e9es cr\u00e9\u00e9es au cours des derni\u00e8res d\u00e9cennies co\u00efncident en effet avec les terres traditionnellement occup\u00e9es par les peuples autochtones. Elles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9es sans la participation efficace des peuples autochtones, qui n\u2019ont pas b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 de garanties proc\u00e9durales de base lorsque leur droit de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 et les droits qui y sont reli\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 effectivement annul\u00e9s pas l\u2019\u00c9tat. Ceci est le r\u00e9sultat de la n\u00e9gation continue des droits des peuples autochtones \u00e0 poss\u00e9der et contr\u00f4ler leurs territoires.<\/p>\n

    2. L\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation, \u00e0 la citoyennet\u00e9 et \u00e0 la sant\u00e9 reste probl\u00e9matique<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
      \n
    • Droit \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation et \u00e0 la citoyennet\u00e9<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Le droit \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation et \u00e0 la citoyennet\u00e9 sont tr\u00e8s li\u00e9s, puisqu\u2019un acte de naissance est n\u00e9cessaire pour l\u2019inscription d\u2019un enfant \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole publique, alors que les familles autochtones subissent \u00e9galement des difficult\u00e9s consid\u00e9rables dans l\u2019obtention m\u00eame de ce document. L\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services publics en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral,\u00a0y compris\u00a0l\u2019enregistrement des naissances et l\u2019\u00e9ducation, est tr\u00e8s difficile pour les familles autochtones en raison du co\u00fbt des proc\u00e9dures administratives et de la distance entre les centres de services publics et les villages autochtones.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • L\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la sant\u00e9<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        L\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la sant\u00e9 est toujours difficile pour les populations autochtones. Cela\u00a0est d\u00fb \u00e0 plusieurs\u00a0facteurs, incluant le manque de moyens financiers, l\u2019\u00e9loignement des villages des centres de sant\u00e9 et aussi la peur d\u2019\u00eatre discrimin\u00e9 et insult\u00e9 quand ils se rendent dans les centres de sant\u00e9 int\u00e9gr\u00e9s de leur zone d\u2019habitation.<\/p>\n

        3. L\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019eau potable et \u00e0 l\u2019assainissement<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

        Garantir l\u2019acc\u00e8s de tous \u00e0 l\u2019eau et \u00e0 l\u2019assainissement et assurer une gestion durable des ressources en eau est le sixi\u00e8me objectif du d\u00e9veloppement durable.
        \nLes PA souffrent des difficult\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019eau potable et \u00e0 l\u2019assainissement. C\u2019est une des principales raisons expliquant la plus grande pr\u00e9valence de certaines maladies dans leurs communaut\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

        4. L\u2019autonomie alimentaire est encore un d\u00e9fi<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

        \u00c9radiquer la faim est le deuxi\u00e8me objectif du d\u00e9veloppement durable. Plusieurs communaut\u00e9s autochtones souffrent encore de faim au Cameroun. Les enfants autochtones payent parfois le prix fort pour cette situation et dans le pire des cas meurent de malnutrition.<\/p>\n

        Dans le prochain article, nous pr\u00e9senterons les actions mises en \u0153uvre par Okani pour rem\u00e9dier \u00e0 ces probl\u00e8mes.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4328,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[281],"tags":[28,32,33,29,31],"class_list":["post-5181","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nos-clients","tag-cameroun","tag-defis","tag-droit-a-la-terre","tag-droits","tag-populations-autochtones"],"yoast_head":"\nLes Droits des Peuples Autochtones au Cameroun : D\u00e9fis et enjeux - Well Grounded<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/well-grounded.org\/fr\/les-droits-des-peuples-autochtones-au-cameroun-defis-et-enjeux\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les Droits des Peuples Autochtones au Cameroun : D\u00e9fis et enjeux - 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